FDA (Food and Drug Administration):
Tsoomfwv Meskas lub cev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb zaub mov thiab tshuaj. FDA-qib silicone txhais tau tias cov khoom siv silicone tau dhau los ntawm FDA cov qauv ntsuas.
LFGB (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch):
German Food and Commodities Act. Nws yog cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb zaub mov tau txais los ntawm ntau cov teb chaws Europe. LFGB-qib silicone txhais tau hais tias nws tau dhau cov qauv ntsuas nruj dua li FDA xav tau.
Bumkins siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm FDA thiab LFGB-qib silicone khoom. Nrhiav seb qib twg ntawm silicone yog siv rau ntawm nplooj ntawv cov khoom.
Puas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm FDA thiab LFGB-qib silicone?
Muaj ib qho kev xav tsis zoo uas muaj cov khoom siv sib txawv siv hauv FDA-qib vs. LFGB-qib silicone. Nov yog vim li cas qhov tsis raug:
Same Base Khoom:
Ob qho FDA-qib thiab LFGB-qib silicone pib nrog tib yam khoom siv raw:
silica(muab los ntawm xuab zeb). Qhov no yog ua ke nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus los tsim siloxane, lub hauv paus polymer siv nyob rau hauv silicone manufacturing.
Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv:Cov khoom xyaw nyoos rau FDA thiab LFGB silicone
tsis txawv. Cov variations tshwm sim los ntawm yam xws li
1)Cov txheej txheem kho:Cov hau kev thiab kub siv los ua kom khov, lossis kho, cov silicone, thiab
2) Additives:Hom thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm fillers, pigments, lossis lwm yam khoom ntxiv rau hauv lub hauv paus silicone.
Tsom ntsoov rau Kev Xeem:Thawj qhov sib txawv ntawm FDA thiab LFGB cov qauv yog nyob hauvnruj ntawm qhov kev xeemlawv xav tau. LFGB muaj cov kev ntsuam xyuas nruj dua rau kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj tsis haum xeeb (VOCs) los ntawm silicone rau hauv cov zaub mov.
Hauv Summary:
Txawm hais tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv raw lawv tus kheej, LFGB-qib silicone feem ntau sawv cev rau cov khoom lag luam zoo dua vim muaj cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no ntawm nws cov qauv nruj dua:
Purer Silicone:LFGB-qib silicone yuav siv tsawg dua additives los yog muab tub lim.
Tsawg tsw / saj:Nws tsis tshua muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, uas ua rau tsis muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau qhov tsw lossis tsw ntxhiab ntawm cov zaub mov.
Ntau dua Durability:Cov qauv LFGB nruj dua tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv ruaj khov dua lub sijhawm.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov kev sim siv rau FDA thiab LFGB-qib silicone?
Thawj qhov sib txawv ntawm FDA thiab LFGB cov qauv yog nyob rau hauv qhov nruj ntawm qhov kev sim lawv xav tau, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov kev sim tshwj xeeb ua. Ob qho qauv no suav nrog kev sim rau ntau yam kev phom sij.
Core Test Similarities -Ob qho tib si FDA thiab LFGB cov qauv yuav tsum tau kuaj rau:
Zuag qhia tag nrho migration:Qhov no ntsuas tag nrho cov khoom uas yuav txav los ntawm silicone rau hauv cov khoom noj simulants nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob.
Ob qho qauv ntsuas rau kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, xws li cov hlau hnyav thiab qee yam tsis muaj zog organic tebchaw (VOCs).
Kev kuaj ntxiv hauv LFGB:
LFGB muaj ntau daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau kuaj rau piv rau FDA. Qhov no suav nrog VOCs ntxiv, nitrosamines, thiab lwm yam muaj peev xwm tsiv teb tsaws chaw.
LFGB feem ntau tswj hwm kev txwv nruj ntawm qhov tso cai ntawm qee yam tshuaj uas tuaj yeem txav los ntawm silicone rau hauv cov zaub mov. Qhov no txhais tau tias txawm tias ib qho tshuaj raug kuaj rau hauv ob qho tib si, qhov kev lees paub yuav qis dua rau LFGB, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua.
LFGB suav nrog kev ntsuas kev hnov qab los ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm tsw thiab saj hloov ntawm silicone mus rau zaub mov, uas tsis yog feem ntau suav nrog hauv kev kuaj FDA.
Txawm hais tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv raw lawv tus kheej, LFGB-qib silicone feem ntau sawv cev rau cov khoom lag luam zoo dua vim muaj cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no ntawm nws cov qauv nruj dua:
Purer Silicone:LFGB-qib silicone yuav siv tsawg dua additives los yog muab tub lim.
Tsawg tsw / saj:Nws tsis tshua muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, uas ua rau tsis muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau qhov tsw lossis tsw ntxhiab ntawm cov zaub mov.
Ntau dua Durability:Cov qauv LFGB nruj dua tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv ruaj khov dua lub sijhawm.
Txawm li cas los xij ntawm cov kev sim sib txawv, peb tsis tu ncua sim peb cov khoom kom ntseeg tau tias peb nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm kev ua raws cai thoob plaws txhua thaj chaw peb ua haujlwm.
Dab tsi yog txheej txheem curing rau silicone tais?
Kho:Cov hau kev thiab kub siv los ua kom khov, lossis kho, cov silicone.
Tsis hais txog ntawm txoj kev kho, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum sib tov lub hauv paus silicone nrog cov catalyst thiab ncuav nws mus rau hauv pwm ntawm cov tais diav uas xav tau. Cua sov (nyob ntawm txoj kev) ua kom cov txheej txheem kho, ua rau cov silicone kom khov thiab teeb tsa rau hauv cov duab kawg. Kev kho tom qab yuav raug ua haujlwm nyob rau qee kis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau peroxide-kho silicone, txhawm rau tshem tawm cov khoom seem ntxiv thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv.
Contrary to a common misconception, cov txheej txheem kho nws tus kheej tsis inherently txawv ntawm LFGB-qib thiab FDA-qib silicone. Ob tus qauv tsis hais ib txoj kev kho kom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nruj ntawm cov txheej txheem ntsuas hauv txhua tus qauv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev xaiv cov txheej txheem kho siv los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab.
Peroxide-kho Silicone:
Txoj kev no siv cov tshuaj peroxide raws li catalysts los pib cov txheej txheem dawb radical curing.
Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab raug nqi.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem kho tau tsim cov khoom lag luam, xws li dichlorobenzene thiab cov kab ntawm polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), uas yuav tsum tau txo qis kom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb.
Txoj kev no yuav tsum tau kub curing ntau dua, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 150 degree txog 200 degree (300 degree F txog 400 degree F).
Platinum-kho Silicone:
Txoj kev no siv platinum ua ib qho catalyst rau kev kho ntxiv.
Nws raug suav hais tias yog cov txheej txheem huv, ua kom tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov khoom.
Tsis tas li ntawd, platinum-kho silicone feem ntau muaj qhov kub thiab txias zoo dua, lub zog tsim kua muag, thiab xim pom tseeb.
Cov txheej txheem kho feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, xws li chav tsev kub txog 100 degree (212 degree F).
Platinum-kho silicone feem ntau suav hais tias nyiam vim nws cov txheej txheem huv thiab muaj peev xwm zoo dua.
LFGB vs FDA thiab Curing:
LFGB Cov Qauv:Lawv nruj dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov tshuaj phem los ntawm silicone rau hauv cov zaub mov. Qhov no suav nrog volatile organic compounds (VOCs) uas tuaj yeem tsim tau thaum lub sijhawm kho.
Indirect cawv rau kev kho:Yuav kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm LFGB nruj dua, cov tuam txhab ntawm LFGB-qib silicone feem ntau yuav nyiam platinum-kho silicone vim nws cov txheej txheem huv thiab qis dua rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, peroxide-kho silicone tseem tuaj yeem siv rau LFGB-qib cov khoom lag luam yog tias nws ua tau raws li cov qauv ntsuas nruj me ntsis rau qib qis thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam.
FDA Cov Qauv:Lawv tsis tshua muaj zog thiab ob txoj kev kho (peroxide thiab platinum) feem ntau siv tau ntev npaum li lawv ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb tag nrho rau daim ntawv thov kev sib cuag zaub mov.
Bumkins siv cov txheej txheem platinum kho los kho peb cov khoom siv silicone. Peb xyuas kom meej tias peb cov khoom siv txoj kev huv huv ntawm kev kho kom peb cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau koj tsev neeg siv ntau zaus.
Koj tuaj yeem qhia tau li cas yog tias koj cov silicone muaj cov fillers?
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab qhov muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm nyob hauv silicone, tab sis tsis yog txoj hauv kev tsis zoo thiab ob qho tib si muaj kev txwv:
1. Pinch Test:
Txoj kev no feem ntau suav nrog pinching, twisting, lossis rub lub silicone. Yog hais tias nws tig dawb thaum koj siv nws, nws feem ntau txhais tau tias yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm fillers.
Kev txwv:
Tsis yog kiag li:Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no feem ntau qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb pom kev, tsis tas yuav muaj cov fillers. Ntshiab silicone tseem tuaj yeem pom qhov ua kom dawb me ntsis hauv siab vim nws cov qauv sab hauv.
Tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov muab tub lim:Txawm hais tias qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pom zoo muab cov khoom ntim, nws tsis qhia txog hom tshwj xeeb lossis nws qhov cuam tshuam txog kev nyab xeeb.
2. Kev cia siab rau cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom:
Xyuas cov khoom specifications:Nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg lossis cov lus thov ntawm "100% silicone" ntawm cov khoom ntim lossis cov chaw tsim khoom lub vev xaib.
Hu rau cov chaw tsim khoom:Ncaj nraim nug txog qhov muaj thiab hom ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lawv cov khoom siv silicone.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov:
Fillers tsis zoo nyob rau hauv:Qee cov fillers tuaj yeem siv tau zoo los hloov cov khoom ntawm silicone, xws li txhim kho lub zog lossis txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov fillers yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Tsom ntsoov rau cov ntawv pov thawj:Nrhiav cov khoom uas muaj ntawv pov thawj los ntawm cov koom haum muaj koob npe zoo li FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) lossis LFGB (German Food and Commodities Act). Cov ntawv pov thawj no qhia tias silicone ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov, tsis hais txog qhov muaj cov khoom siv.
Tham nrog cov kws tshaj lij:Yog tias koj muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv silicone tshwj xeeb, sab laj nrog kws kho mob lossis tus kws tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv rau cov kws tshaj lij cov lus qhia.
Thaum kawg, tso siab rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem no thaum saib xyuas cov tuam txhab muaj npe nrov thiab cov ntawv pov thawj tuaj yeem pab koj txiav txim siab paub txog cov khoom siv silicone uas koj xaiv.
Yog li LFGB-qib silicone yog qhov zoo dua li FDA-qib silicone. Vim li cas Bumkins tsis siv LFGB-qib silicone hauv txhua yam khoom?
Muaj ob lub laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas peb xaiv siv LFGB-qib silicone hauv cov khoom xaiv:
Tus nqi siab dua: LFGB-qib silicone muaj tus nqi siab dua li FDA-qib silicone. Txhawm rau kom tus nqi ntawm peb cov khoom pheej yig rau cov neeg siv khoom, peb tau txiav txim siab siv FDA-qib silicone hauv feem ntau cov khoom uas tsis tas yuav muaj zog dua.
FDA thiab LFGB-qib silicone yog ob qho tib si nyab xeeb:Txawm hais tias FDA-qib silicone tsis tshua kim, ob qib muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg siv. Peb xaiv siv LFGB hauv cov khoom xws li Chewtensils® thiab Silicone Cups uas nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj khov dua los tiv thaiv kev tsim kua muag thiab kev puas tsuaj rau koj cov khoom.
Txhawm rau nrhiav seb qib silicone twg koj cov khoom siv, xyuas cov nplooj ntawv cov khoom lag luam kom paub ntau ntxiv.
Txawm hais tias qib silicone, peb nruj me ntsis sim peb cov khoom kom ntseeg tau tias peb ua tau raws li cov cai uas tau teev tseg hauv CPSIA thiab FDA hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab cov uas tau teev tseg hauv lub tebchaws txawv tebchaws.